The Supreme Court of Pakistan is the highest judicial authority and the final arbiter of legal disputes in the country. Established under Article 176 of the Constitution, it ensures justice, upholds the rule of law, and protects citizens’ fundamental rights.
As the apex court, it supervises all lower courts and interprets the Constitution, making its decisions binding nationwide. Understanding its structure, jurisdiction, and roles is vital for anyone engaging with Pakistan’s legal system or studying its governance.
What is the Structure of the Supreme Court of Pakistan?
The Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice of Pakistan and 16 other judges, all appointed by the President after a rigorous process involving the Judicial Commission and Parliamentary Committee. Judges retire at 65 and are chosen based on seniority and expertise.
The court operates through benches (Full, Divisional, or Special) depending on case complexity. The Supreme Court Registrar oversees administrative tasks, ensuring smooth operations.
What Jurisdiction Does the Supreme Court Have?
The court holds three types of jurisdiction:
- Original Jurisdiction: Resolves disputes between governments (federal vs. provinces).
- Appellate Jurisdiction: Reviews appeals against High Court decisions.
- Advisory Jurisdiction: Advises the President on legal matters.
It also exercises constitutional jurisdiction to enforce fundamental rights under Article 184(3).
How Does One Become a Supreme Court Lawyer in Pakistan?
To practice in the Supreme Court, lawyers must:
- Complete an LLB degree.
- Pass exams conducted by the Supreme Court Bar Council (SCBC).
- Gain 10+ years of experience in lower courts.
The SCBC regulates lawyer conduct and ensures ethical standards.
What is the Role of the Supreme Court Bar Council?
The SCBC licenses and disciplines lawyers, maintains professional standards, and conducts exams for Supreme Court enrollment. It also advises the court on legal reforms and advocates for lawyers’ rights.
Who is the Chief Justice of Pakistan and What Do They Do?
The Chief Justice leads the judiciary, assigns cases to benches, and manages court administration. Appointed by the President, they also administer oaths to high-ranking officials like the Prime Minister.
How Are Supreme Court Decisions Made and Enforced?
Decisions are made by majority vote in open court. Landmark rulings set legal precedents (stare decisis) and are enforced by federal/provincial authorities. Non-compliance can lead to contempt charges.
Who Supports the Supreme Court’s Daily Operations?
The court employs registrars, clerks, IT specialists, and security staff. The Registrar manages case filings, schedules hearings, and maintains records, acting as the public’s primary contact.
What Etiquette is Expected in the Supreme Court?
Visitors must dress formally (no jeans/casual wear), remain silent during hearings, and address judges as “My Lord” or “Your Honor.” Mobile phones are prohibited in courtrooms.
What Does the Supreme Court Registrar Do?
The Registrar handles case management, issues summons, and oversees administrative functions. They also publish judgments on the court’s official website.
Important read:
How to File a Case in the Supreme Court
FAQs:
Q1: How many judges are in the Supreme Court?
A: 17 total (1 Chief Justice + 16 judges).
Q2: Can the Supreme Court overrule Parliament?
A: Yes, if laws violate the Constitution.
Q3: How to check a case status?
A: Visit the Supreme Court’s website or contact the Registrar’s office.
Q4: What’s the difference between Supreme Court and High Court?
A: The Supreme Court is the apex body; High Courts operate at the provincial level.